Melody: A single line, consisting, generally, of a recognizable contour.
Harmony: The overall design of chords, scales and intervals
Rhythm: How time is designed using silence, accents, pulse, beats, patterns and tempo.
Dynamics: Loudness or softness of music, for example, piano = soft and forte =loud.
Texture: The overall quality of how a piece sounds. for example, thick, smooth, pointy,
Instruments: From the Woodwind, Brass, String, Percussion, Vocal or Electronic or Found Sound families