Music in Schools Today volunteer Elaine Dennis interviewed jazz
legend Herbie Hancock for Dig_iT
magazine. Following is Elaine's article.
Talk about a frontrunner: Herbie
Hancock performed a Mozart piano concerto with the Chicago Symphony
Orchestra at age 11. As a youth, he became obsessed with electronics.
In college, he took a double major in music and electrical engineering.
By 23, he was playing with jazz giant Miles Davis. In the '70s,
he was the first major jazz musician to use synthesizers. And Dig_iT
will never forget Herbie as the digital lifestyle pioneer who read
his Grammy acceptance speech from a Palm Pilot, a first. It was
one of eight Grammies (and an Academy Award) the jazz legend has
earned.
Hancock embodies the digital lifestyle: in the studio, at work,
on the road, and at home. He's always up on the latest gadgets,
and continues to pioneer the use of technology in music and performances,
currently by working with new Surround-Sound technologies.
Herbie also founded Transparent Music, a multimedia company dedicated
to the presentation of barrier-breaking music, with the help of
his manager David Passick and former Verve Records president Chuck
Mitchell. The company plans to take advantage of almost every distribution
format available including concert events, films, TV, CDs, DVDs,
and the Internet. A recent company project called "Future 2
Future" has Hancock collaborating with Bill Laswell and some
of the edgiest young hip-hop and techno artists to create their
own music of the future via technology.
As if he's not busy enough, five years ago Hancock founded the
Rhythm Of Life Foundation, an organization that's trying to help
bridge the technological divide and find ways to use technology
to help humanity. According to Hancock, "the philosophy of
the foundation is based on the communication of multi-cultural awareness
and tolerance among communities, on instilling a sense of courage
and creative initiative in children, and educating one another about
our rich and complex ethnic heritage." The foundation's website
is at www.rolo.org.
We caught up with Herbie just before he headed out on a concert
tour for Future 2 Future, and just before he completed his Future
2 Future Live DVD, mixed in Surround Sound.
Herbie told us his motto was "don't be afraid to try."
He's certainly lived up to his words.
Elaine Dennis:
What was your earliest recollection of technology being significant
in your life -- something that really made you say 'Wow!'?
Herbie Hancock:
That was in the early '70s during my very raw avant-garde jazz period.
It was also a time when people were still into new sounds and psychedelic
stuff from the late '60s. Synthesizers were just starting to show
their face on the scene as being a cool new thing.
I was working on my Crossings record in San Francisco at the time.
My manager and record producer, David Rubenson, suggested we put
a synthesizer on the record. I said, "Well that's cool, but
I don't know anyone that plays the synthesizer." David said
he knew this guy, Patrick Gleason, who had his own studio and was
doing synthesizer stuff and had a whole big set-up. I didn't know
anything about synthesizers, but I said, "Tell you what. Here's
this tune. Why don't you ask him if he'd be interested in creating
an introduction on spec -- if I don't like it, I'm not gonna use
it."
I didn't even have to go to his studio. We gave him the tape and
he sent it back a couple days later. When I sat down to listen to
what he did, it blew my mind.
Elaine:
Were you worried at all about how your fans would react? How did
you feel about taking this out on the road and having this totally
new experience?
Herbie:
I was excited about it! Nobody in jazz was using synthesizers
at the time. It's interesting to me that a lot of the artists that
are creating the new electronic music scene today have been influenced
by Sextant and some other records I did during that period. So it's
kind of come back in another form today.
Elaine:
I remember when we went to a party together during Macworld
in the late '90s and we heard one of the DJs spinning your tune
Rockit.
Herbie:
Rockit was much later than Sextant, it was 1983. I'm talking
about music that I did back in 1972 -- so it was 10 years or so before
Rockit. This totally avant-garde music I was doing then was basically
non-electronic, except for some of the stuff Patrick did. But was
reaching out in that direction. We were very much into new textures
and new sounds. And that music was very raw and far out. That kind
of sound had an influence on Rockit. Also, it was a precursor to
a lot of the hip-hop things and to the electronic scene today. But
it wasn't Rockit that was the biggest influence on them, it was
Sextant and a tune I did called Nobu. I didn't find that out until
I did Future 2 Future.
Elaine:
Tell us about the Future 2 Future concept.
Herbie:
It started with Bill Laswell, my producer. He sparked my interest
by saying that the stuff that I had done back in the very early
'70s was influencing young electronic musicians today. I'd heard
maybe one or two things that sounded a little bit interesting, but
I really didn't know anything about the new electronic music. Then
Bill started playing me some things I hadn't heard and I finally
got the idea. He thought it would be interesting for me to work
with young people who are working electronically and were influenced
by stuff that I did acoustically back 30 years ago.
Elaine:
So did Bill help find these people?
Herbie:
He helped me connect with these people -- and I trust Bill. The
first stuff I heard was what he had put together with them to submit
to me for my record. I didn't hear material that they had done before.
This was the idea for Future 2 Future -- to record my immediate musical
response from hearing what they were doing for the first time.
Bill wanted that kind of spontaneity and I was interested. Even
Gershwin's World, which I did before Future 2 Future, came from
a more spontaneous place. So it was Bill's realization that people
in this new electronic scene had been influenced by me, and his
own vision of what I might like to do and what would sound good
on a record.
Elaine:
Was there any new technology that played a role in creating
the record?
Herbie:
The techniques for producing the record involved the latest
technology totally. We used ProTools for the editing. As opposed
to being a post-production process, the editing was a part of the
creation of the music. Bill did the editing without me being there.
I would do some overdubs on something that he had prepared and then
he would go and edit that with stuff we already had and maybe even
add some other stuff. Then I would hear that back and it would be
totally different from what I heard before, and I would already
be on the keyboard responding to it.
So once the record was done and I wanted to put a group together
to tour, I had to figure out how to keep that spontaneity. It was
kind of a dilemma -- to keep the spirit of the record and not have
everything sound completely different. How would anyone know that
this thing was this tune as opposed to one of the other tunes? So
we decided to nail down certain signatures that were on the pieces
that would capture their spirit and still be spontaneous live.
And then we added an element which was totally new for live playing
-- and that was the Surround Sound experience. I'd really wanted
to do it and so we figured out a way that made sense. First of all,
live recording consoles are not built for Surround Sound, they don't
have enough outputs. Then, the engineer is used to doing stereo.
How were we going to get this guy to do Surround Sound? How are
we going get this done live? Every night you have a sound check
and every night is a different venue and you have to figure out
what to do. Our solution was to use two engineers. One guy did the
regular front-of-house stuff, and the other guy did surround.
The keyboards we had were designed in such a way that we could
use them for surround too. In addition to the two stereo outputs
they had two auxiliary outputs and the construction of the keyboard
was such that the different components of the sound -- you could
actually select which combination of outputs you could send the
components to. Say, if it was a high frequency, high wavy sound
component, we could send that to an auxiliary output and send another
more tonal straight brass sound to the left stereo channel and another
component to the right. So the surround component would come out
of the surround speakers and the other would come out of the stereo
speakers. That's why we called it "immersive mixing" --
a term we created.
As a result, we were approached by Thomas Holman -- the "TH"
of "THX" before his company was bought out by Lucas --
and we mixed the DVD at Skywalker Ranch. Tom had heard what we were
doing and was a fan. He actually mixed some of my older material
in 10.2 Surround Sound.
Elaine:
What a great way for someone to showcase their stuff -- with
someone like you who is really into pushing the limits of their
technology and making amazing music.
Herbie:
The technology community actually sort of laughed at Tom Holman
for 10.2, saying, "come on, this is ridiculous. 5.1 has been
around for a while and what more do you need?" But we blew
their minds.
I just went to the Audio Engineering Society (AES) convention and
everything was in Surround Sound. There are now live boards that
have Surround Sound capabilities, so the word is out. I guess that's
why I had such a great interest in doing the live show in Surround
Sound. I wanted to do it before everybody else. [laughs]
Elaine:
So what is it that you are interested in now? What do you think
is cool?
Herbie:
What's cool for me? The new software instruments. As a matter
of fact, we are pushing the envelope again, because we used some
of the first software instruments on the Future 2 Future tour. Software
instruments by Emagic -- they have a Rhodes sound that is more like
the Rhodes than any other synthesizer I ever heard except for the
Rhodes itself. They have a clavinet that we use that is just like
a clavinet. There's a thing called the B4 which is actually a B3
organ. We used that on the tour. We jumped right into it.
You know what? I've got to go, I've got people coming over in 10
minutes and I'm still in my pajamas.